Characteristics of Missed Synchronous Gastric Epithelial Neoplasms

Endoscopic resection is now established as a standard treatment for gastric epithelial neoplasms such as early gastric cancer and adenoma. Careful preprocedural evaluation and proper patient selection are important for successful therapeutic outcomes; therefore, repeated endoscopy is often planned when a patient is referred, and a more detailed examination is thought to be necessary for deciding the treatment strategy. The development of gastric epithelial neoplasm is associated with atrophy or intestinal metaplasia of background mucosa; thus, synchronous multiple lesions are common. The prevalence of synchronous gastric cancer has been reported to range from 4.8% to 20.9%, and the prevalence of synchronous lesions after endoscopic resection has been reported to be 2.0% to 11.6%. Missing synchronous lesions may lead to increased cost for additional procedures or even make the initial endoscopic treatment meaningless, especially when the missed lesion is located more proximally, requiring gastrectomy. Therefore, meticulous endoscopic examination so as not to miss synchronous lesions is critical. Endoscopists sometimes perform repeated endoscopy before endoscopic resection not only to evaluate the confirmed lesion but also to detect synchronous lesions missed at the initial endoscopy. Synchronous multiple gastric carcinomas are known to be associated with older age and the degree of intestinal metaplasia in the background mucosa. Studies have evaluated the features and risks of missed synchronous gastric lesions. Small lesion size, location of the lesion (body), and pathological diagnosis of the primary lesion (adenoma) were reported as risk factors. Although the optimal duration of endoscopic examination is still indefinite, the probability of detecting synchronous neoplasms was found to decrease by 6.9% as the duration of the examination decreased by 1 minute, and procedures that lasted more than 10 minutes detected synchronous lesions more frequently. In this issue of Clinical Endoscopy, Gong et al. reported the characteristics of missed gastric synchronous lesions based on the endoscopic images at the referring center, which were compared with images of repeated endoscopy before endoscopic resection. They evaluated 140 patients, of whom 12 (8.6%) showed 13 synchronous lesions, comprising 10 dysplasias (76.9%) and 3 adenocarcinomas (23.1%). Most synchronous lesions were located in the lower third of the stomach, and the median tumor size was 18 mm. When classifying these synchronous lesions into 3 groups based on a review of referred endoscopic images (group 1, no images of the location of simultaneous lesions; group 2, no corresponding lesion evident in the previous images; and group 3, simultaneous lesions found in the earlier images but without a biopsy), 7 lesions (53.8%) were classified as group 3, 5 (38.5%) as group 1, and the remaining (7.7%) as group 2. Meanwhile, no significant differences were found in the patients’ and lesions’ Received: April 14, 2017 Revised: May 12, 2017 Accepted: May 16, 2017 Correspondence: Bong Eun Lee Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine and Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Busan 49241, Korea Tel: +82-51-240-7869, Fax: +82-51-244-8180, E-mail: [email protected]